Math Calculators

Calculate percentage of a number, percentage increase, percentage decrease, and common fraction conversions in real time.

Calculate percent error, absolute error, and relative error between experimental laboratory measurements and true theoretical values.

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with step-by-step solutions, LCD common denominators, and decimal equivalents.

Find the hypotenuse or missing leg of any right triangle using the Pythagorean theorem with full step-by-step radical simplification.

Solve quadratic equations instantly with step-by-step factoring, real or complex roots, discriminant analysis, and parabola vertex coordinates.

Calculate the slope (m), y-intercept (b), angle of inclination, and distance between two coordinate points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂).

Calculate area and perimeter for geometric shapes including rectangles, circles, triangles, trapezoids, ellipses, and sectors.

Calculate three-dimensional volume and total surface area for spheres, cylinders, rectangular prisms, cones, pyramids, and capsules.

Calculate sample standard deviation, population standard deviation, variance, mean, and sum of squares for any dataset.

Calculate mean (average), median, mode, range, minimum, maximum, and sum for any set of numbers with full step-by-step sorting.

Simplify ratios to lowest terms or solve for the missing unknown variable (x) in proportional equations A:B = C:D.

Calculate logarithms for any positive base (b) and argument (x), including natural logarithm ln(x) and common base-10 log₁₀(x).

Perform binary arithmetic (+, -, ×, ÷), bitwise operations (AND, OR, XOR), and convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal.

Perform scientific calculations including trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms, powers, and roots.

Solve all properties of a triangle (sides, angles, area, perimeter, heights) using Law of Sines and Law of Cosines.

Identify patterns in number sequences, calculate the nth term, recursive relations, and sum of series.

Generate cryptographically random numbers within custom minimum and maximum bounds with duplicate filtering.

Convert any decimal into its simplest simplified fraction or mixed number, including repeating decimals.

Perform exact mathematical calculations on arbitrarily large numbers with hundreds or thousands of digits without precision loss.

Calculate permutations nPr (where order matters) and combinations nCr (where order does not matter) with worked factorial steps.

Find all positive and negative integer factors, factor pairs, and prime factorization with exponents for any integer.

Calculate powers (x^y), negative exponents, fractional powers, and simplify exponential algebraic expressions.

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide hexadecimal numbers with instant conversion to decimal and binary.

Calculate remaining quantity, half-life constant, decay rate, or elapsed time for radioactive isotopes and pharmaceutical drug elimination.

Calculate probabilities of independent, dependent, mutually exclusive, and conditional events P(A or B), P(A and B).

Calculate the Least Common Multiple (LCM / LCD) of integers using prime factorization and Euclidean GCD methods.

Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF / GCD / HCF) of two or more integers with step-by-step Euclidean algorithm solutions.

Perform matrix addition, multiplication, determinants, transpositions, and matrix inversions for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices.

Calculate factorials n! for positive integers and gamma function approximations for fractional numbers.

Round numbers to the nearest whole number, tenth, hundredth, thousandth, or significant figures using standard round-half-up.

Test if any integer is a prime or composite number, find its smallest divisor, and discover the next prime number.

Calculate hypotenuse, legs, area, perimeter, and acute angles of a right triangle using Pythagorean theorem and SOH CAH TOA.

Calculate square roots, cube roots, and general nth roots of any positive or negative real number.

Calculate quotient and remainder for integer division, or solve modulo expressions (A mod B).

Perform long division with step-by-step working out, showing each subtraction step, quotient, and remainder or decimal places.

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide mixed numbers and fractions with automatic conversion to improper fractions and simplification.

Generate a list of equivalent fractions by scaling numerators and denominators by common factors.

Convert proper, improper, or mixed fractions into exact terminating or repeating decimal notations.

Calculate the nth term, common ratio (r), and sum of finite or infinite geometric sequences.

Calculate the nth term, common difference (d), and sum of arithmetic series.

Calculate the minimum sample size required for survey research based on confidence level, margin of error, and population size.

Calculate standard score (Z-score) from raw score, mean, and standard deviation, and find corresponding tail probabilities.

Calculate confidence intervals for a population mean from sample mean, standard deviation, and sample size.

Calculate radius, diameter, circumference, and area of a circle from any single known measurement.

Calculate the total outer surface area of 3D geometric shapes including spheres, cylinders, cubes, cones, and rectangular prisms.

Calculate Euclidean straight-line distance, midpoint, and slope between two coordinate points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

Calculate p-values from test statistics (Z, t, F, or Chi-Square) to determine statistical significance against alpha thresholds.

Perform Student's t-test for single samples, independent two-samples, or paired samples to compare population means.

Calculate Pearson's Chi-Square statistic (chi^2), degrees of freedom, and p-value for contingency tables and goodness-of-fit tests.

Calculate percentage growth from initial value to new value with absolute change and increase multiplier.

Calculate percentage change, relative difference, and delta between two values, indicating both increase and decrease.